Flammable liquids give off vapours which build up excessive pressures in closed drums and can cause explosions and fire when exposed to heat. For this reason, safety drum vents and/or fill units are installed in the drum bung openings to automatically relieve excessive pressure. They also provide vacumn relief to facilitate withdrawal of liquids. The vents feature perforated-metal flash arresters to prevent the propagation of outside sources of ignition into the drums.
Other safety hazards may exist when dispensing liquids from drums and containers. Static electricity charges may be generated when liquids are transferred. The possibility of developing a static spark between the containers can be eliminated by utilizing proper bonding and grounding methods.
The diagrams illustrate correct grounding/bonding techniques for both faucets and transfer pump dispensing operations. It is important to note that when dispensing by faucet, the faucet spout must be bought into direct contact with the fill opening of the receiving container to form a suitable bond. Likewise, if using a pump, the dispensing hose must incorporate a wire insert running the length of the hose between the pump nozzel and the receiving container.
These storage and dispensing procedures, when coupled with the connection of the drum to suitable ground, will ensure the safe storage and dispensing of flammable liquids from drums. | 
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